Punishments In History Essays - Torture, Physical Punishments

Punishments In History The common practice of early Americans that seems most alien to me is that of human punishment. During the seventeen and eighteen hundreds, the way people were punished was savage and crucial. Those who punished others for a crime, seemed to take matters in there own hands and give punishments that were truly too harsh compared to the crime committed. One of the areas in which such punishment was greatly visible was in the slave institutes. Masters would treat their slaves as if they were ?animals'. It was crucial to see that the only thing that differed Southern and Northern stores was that those in the south stocked "negro-whips" and "mantraps" in their shelves. Whipping was the popular way of punishing slaves at the time, therefore stores made sure they had that six to seven foot long peace of cowhide, to sale to masters who wished to beat there slaves. This type of whip was not enough, for they began making whips that had a platted wire on the end so that it would hurt more and create more damage to the skin. I was shocked to read that a slave would get brutal whips just for simply taking a drink of water when it was not break time yet. If looked at carefully the slave had committed no crime yet was still whipped by his master. This is no way in which a human should treat another human, since we are suppose to be the intelligent, moralistic species of the world. Whipping is still nice, compared to other ways in which many criminals were punished. At times of great crimes, delinquents were faced with the mutilating punishments of the old penal laws, which included branding, ear cropping, hanging and even occasionally castration and burning alive. Thinking of such punishment is harsh, for I thought that the only things that got castrated were the animals in my grandpas' farm. That is not all, since I can not imaging a live human being burned to death. Making such scenes even more disturbing was that they were held in public areas where many people could gather and watch. In New Haven, Connecticut, around 1810, Charles Fowler, a local historian, recalled seeing the"admiring students a [Yale] college" gathered around to watch petty criminals receive "five or ten lashes...with a rawhide whip." On a day of a hanging near Mount Holly, New Jersey, in the 1820's, the scene was that of a holiday: " around the place in every direction were the assembled multitudes ? some in tents, and by-wagons. This is obscene, for humans got a kick out of seeing other humans get killed. Where has the idea of morality and self-respect gone for these people? Right now you probably just imaging men getting such punishments but that was not the case, for women were often treated in the same type of manor. In a country tavern in Georgia, Margaret Hall summoned the slave chambermaid, but she could not come because the mistress had been whipping her and she was not fit to be seen. The next morning she made her appearance with her face marked in several places by the cuts of the cowskin and her neck handkerchief covered with spots of blood. In my point of view, a woman is not to be treated in such manor, for they are to be respected more than men. It is not that I don't believe that people should be punished for doing things they shouldn't do, but it should be reasonable. I believe in the idea of "Eye for an Eye", for if a person murders another, his/her punishment should be death. But for a person, who simply got into a fight with someone else, death doesn't seem to be a reasonable way of punishing him. Instead he should be given a beaten himself so that he can see what it feels like. People in the past seemed to take things to far and not think about the situation carefully. Thanks to God, the old ways, so startling unfamiliar to the modern reader, gradually fell away. Americans changed their assumptions about what was proper, decent, and normal in everyday life and began to look at life in a different view. Who knows, perhaps our morals, to some future observer, will seem as idiosyncratic and astonishing, as I believe this type of behavior is.

Her

Her A weight falls heavily upon her A steady pull inside her brain In one room she seeks love and understanding in another she purges the guilt and the pain her guilt never leaves the pain only deepens her life is a wild rotation from one room to the other Locked in a constant circle of torment a game of chess she cannot win she stands up, throat on fire, head spinningm heart pounding begging for an end, any end, to this hell she gazes into the mirror wiping her mouth wondering who she has become a drawn and pale facedull expressionless eyes she runs her hands through her hair hoping it will quiet the screams in her head but it doesnt and tomorrow the game will start all over againBoard game collection

Causing a Furor, Not a Fury

Causing a Furor, Not a Fury Causing a Furor, Not a Fury Causing a Furor, Not a Fury By Maeve Maddox Although furor and fury derive from the same Latin verb, furere, â€Å"to rage, be mad,† when the intended meaning is â€Å"public uproar,† furor is the better choice. Although anger is often one of the emotions expressed in a public upheaval of interest and comment, it isn’t always. Sometimes a furor may be caused by excessive admiration. In fact, the word that Americans and Canadians spell furor and British speakers spell furore, entered English from Italian furore, â€Å"enthusiastic popular admiration.† Here’s an example in which furor is used without the connotation of anger: With the first indication of his appearance, wide-eyed teenage girls gripped the edge of their chairs, stamped their feet in passionate furor and started clutching each other for emotional support. In the following examples, â€Å"to cause a fury† is a poor substitute for â€Å"to cause a furor†: Original: Two cases of Ebola have caused a fury in Texas. Better: Two cases of Ebola have caused a furor in Texas. Original: The first Matisse show in New York  caused a fury  that delighted Stieglitz. Better: The first Matisse show in New York  caused a furor that delighted Stieglitz. Furor conveys the ideas of objection and argument that fury does not. Here are some synonyms to clarify the difference between fury and furor: fury fierceness ferocity violence turbulence tempestuousness savagery severity intensity vehemence force forcefulness power strength furor commotion uproar outcry fuss agitation pandemonium disturbance hubbub tumult turmoil Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. Further11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing10 Humorous, Derisive, or Slang Synonyms for â€Å"Leader† or â€Å"Official†

Comparing Consumer and Organizational Buyer Behaviour in the UK Essay

Comparing Consumer and Organizational Buyer Behaviour in the UK Desktop Printer Market - Essay Example It is for this reason that companies have to continue investing in research and development in order to produce more innovative products that competitors. The printers industry is experiencing the same challenges, especially in the desktop printer market; innovation is driving firms into developing new products with sophisticated level of technology and performance. In the UK, the desktop printer market is witnessing competition from the digital media market, thanks to advancement in technology. Indeed, statistics show that growth in the UK’s printer market has been in decline compared to other Western Europe countries like France and Germany. However, firms have continued to invest heavily in diversification of their product lines, with competition now shifting from all-purpose printers to 3D printers. Generally, there are two main buyers for desktop printers including consumers for home use and organizations for office use. Here, firms are concentrating on building positioni ng strategies that make them more attractive to the customers. Despite facing competition from digital media, firms have top compete among themselves, with major manufacturers such as HP, Samsung, Canon, and Epson among others investing heavily in advertising and other forms of promotion. This paper will examine and discuss the desktop printer market in the UK. ... n on decline; indeed, the downward trend is expected to continue in the current year, despite the industry being one of the largest in the UK, employing over 77,000 people (Ibis World, 2013). For quite a long time, the inkjet printers have dominated the printer market; however, other types of printers have taken the market by storm and have claimed a sizeable market share, among them being the laser printers and the recently introduced 3D printers. As a result, consumers and organizations have a variety of options from which to choose. With the technology shifting from analogue to digital, it means that new products have also to be digital in order to be relevant. It is for this reason that most recent printers are digital, making them more efficient and convenient to use. Indeed, it is now easy to buy a digital inkjet printer or a laser printer from the market. Importantly, technology has allowed the printer market to diversify further by introducing the 3D printers, which have been received warmly by consumers, thanks to their affordable prices and high quality printing capability. Indeed, almost every company is going for the 3D desktop printers due to the rising demand, especially from architects and home users, as well as from education institutions. It is no wonder that the UK government has established a program to sponsor teaching of 3D technology in schools. The UK market of desktop printers is highly competitive, as almost every large manufacturer of printers is available in the UK. These firms include HP, Canon, Epson, Samsung, and Kodak among others, all of which tend to outdo each other in terms of product differentiation and marketing strategy. The presence of such a big array of operators in the market means that entry to the market is very easy –

Answering the three uestions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answering the three uestions - Essay Example Fourth, it fails to accommodate the changing needs of the company, the employees, and its customers. In addition, the employees are left to do much of their learning on an individual basis, and are left to find their own way of doing things. Employees feel less a part of the organization, and have less of a sense of value. In the case of Apex, it cost the company thousands of dollars in wasted steel. In a medical setting, an employee may not be updated on the most current laws and could place the company at risk for a lawsuit. In all cases, it results in inefficiency and a lowered standard of quality. Job descriptions are a critical part of a job training program, as they are the foundation that the job is built upon. A comprehensive job description tells the employee what is expected of them and what the position entails. It may elaborate on job requirements and special skills that may be needed. According to Erven, a good job description can, "help to sell jobs to recruits, develop training programs, motivate employees, make evaluation simpler, reduce turnover and reduce chances of litigation" (1). Training is more than just informing an employee how to do the job, or operate the machine.

Summary of The forces that turned Baba around Essay Example for Free

Summary of The forces that turned Baba around Essay The history is about the 16-year-old Babatonte, or Baba as his friends call him. He went at St Aloysius college in Highgate. He havent had an easy childhood and that has effected his education. When he was 12, he had been suspended from school about 5 times. Every time he was suspended from school, he only saw it as holyday. Baba describes him selves as a bad boy there vandalising school property, truanting and getting into figths. At the first year of college, Baba had alot of problems. But later on he went to his second year at college. His plan for the future are being an actor. He has just been in a movie at the college that went out very good. The students are spending 2 days a week learning how to, climb a rock, sail a canoe and camping. And they also have been taught first aid, how to cook and carpentry. In the tekst about Baba and in tekst two Coming of the ropes, is the attitude possitive. Childrens with problems cant be pushed, like every other childrens, but instead they need help. They need to get some self-confidense. In tekst three, called The single bullet that broke a communitys heart, and in tekst four, called Out on the streets, the kids are scared too, the two teksts have a bad attitude, but they mean that young children can be good if they just have some places to be and to chill out, instead of doing it at public places. Comment on the statement Boys are useing more violence than word, rather than girls who are useing more words than violence. Girls are generally better to express their feelings and talk about their problems. Boys cant express their feelings as good as girls, and they are getting a feeling, that they are been defeated, if they are talking about their feelings. Some of the things that could be keeping teenagers out trouble is if the young people maybe has a bad childhood, I think something there could help them, would be if there were some adults there could help them from they were kids, then there would? be any kind of troubles in their youth. Another thing there could also help the teenagers out of trouble could be if there were several after school centers. If there were several after school centers, then the young peoble/teenagers had somewhere to go instead of being on the streets and public places. The last thing I can imagine that could help, are if their weekday were getting a little bit diffrent, so they dont have to sit and make schoolwork all day, but maybe got some interest in for example sport.

Duty-Based Person Essay -- essays research papers fc

Duty-based document Abstract A duty based is a person that has structure and guidance. A duty-based person is a person that has respect for leadership and the knowledge to be a leader. The writer will discuss her point of views of a duty-based person. She will also give her insight on people lying to and for one another. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, duty is† the action and conduct due to a superior, homage, submission; due respect, reverence; an _expression of submission, deference, or respect. The writer feels that a duty based would not lye to another person or lye for another person the writer feels that if someone thought you were lying to him or her, you cannot be trusted. When you start out lying about something you have to keep on lying to cover up the first lye you started out with. Most people that lye are scared of getting in to trouble. Other peoples that lye just like telling stories. Some people can look you right in the face and they will be lying to you. You can make things worse if you lie for someone, for them and for yourself. They can wound up getting in to trouble for lying. The person for whom they are lying can say they have no clue what that person is talking about. They can say they never asked anyone to lye for them. If you lye for someone else, you are j ust as guilty as the person you are lying for. If someone asks you to lye for them, you should ask yourself why are they not telling the truth. The writer feels that you shou...

What Is Culture and Socialisation Interact in Sociology

SLSS102 Explorations in Sociology – Assessment 1 Minor essay Word limit: 1500 words Weighting: 20% Due date: 9am AEDT Monday 1 April Assessment overview Write a 1500 word essay on ONE of the following topics: Topic 1: Which is more important in shaping individual identity: social structure or social interaction? ?OR Topic 2: Explain how culture and socialisation interact in a sociological context? Assessment details In your essay you should: Demonstrate your understanding of themes covered so far in this unit. †¢ Use the three texts listed in the resources box (right) to answer your selected question. †¢ In addition you should use a minimum of TWO references to augment the material in these texts. †¢ Support your discussions with examples from the social world. †¢ Use correct Harvard referencing. Criteria for assessment Your essay should clearly address the question and include relevant ideas from the unit and your knowledge and experience.When marking you r essay, your eLA will ask: †¢ How well have you used relevant ideas from the unit readings and additional materials to answer the question? †¢ How well have you used relevant examples from your own knowledge and experience to answer the question? †¢ How convincing and coherent is your answer? †¢ How well is your answer written and presented? ?Resources To answer your essay question, use the following resources: Your eText: Henslin, JM, Possamai, A, and Possamai- Indesedy, A 2011, Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach, Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest. nd the following two ebooks: Plummer, K 2010, Sociology: The Basics, Taylor and Francis Back, L. , Bennett, A. , Edles, L. ,Gibson, M. , Inglis, D. ,Jacobs, R. , Woodward, I 2012, Cultural Sociology: An Introduction, Wiley. Note: These resources are also listed under Assessment1: Minor essay, in the Assessments section in Blackboard. To augment the material in these texts you may use other Sociology textbooks, artic les from the Swinburne library database and current media articles. SLSS102 Explorations in Sociology 1 SLSS102 Explorations in Sociology – Assessment 1 Minor essay Assessment 1: Minor essay submission details †¢ All pages should include your name and student number in the document footer †¢ All references should be appropriately cited using the Harvard style. There is also a link to this guide in Blackboard, under the Assessments section. †¢ Submit your assignment as one Microsoft Word or PDF document †¢ Save your file as follows: [student numberA1. filetype] e. g. 1234567A1. pdf or 1234567A1. doc †¢ Submit your essay via the Blackboard link > Assessment > Minor essay

Atrocities on Women Essay

Everyday early in the morning after getting up from bed, as a matter of habit, I look for the local newspaper which the hawker uses to insert it in the door belt of my house. When I go through the paper, invariably I find one or more news on atrocities on women or outraging the modesty of women appearing either on the front page or on the following pages depending on seriousness of the happenings. Sometimes I tremble to think, how could these heinous incidents take place everyday when stringent laws are there to deal with these cases rigorously, National Commission for Women and Child Welfare and separate women police stations have been set up by the Govt. to provide protection to women in danger or distress? Unlike the past when women were confined to four walls and treated as slaves in the male dominant society, there has been radical change in the social order and the women have been given equal status in all walks of life over the passage of time. Today the women are more or less conscious of their rights and position in the society and most women are educated too. In spite of all this, the women, as it were, are subjected to undergo humiliations and torture of different dimensions at various stages of their lives. Then what is going wrong? Are the flaws lying with the society or the system or the women themselves? In fact, women are very often made the targets of attack for pleasure or fun or comfort or making of money or avoiding unnecessary burden right from the stage of embryo before birth till their old age. Before going to discuss on what could be the reasons and who are responsible for inflicting torture on women, it may not be out of place to take an account of different nature of atrocities and humiliations being done to women at various stages of their lives as the reports, very often, come to our notice through media. v Pregnant women are either persuaded or forced to undergo abortion if the babies in the womb are detected to be females through sonography, only to avoid bringing up of girl children and bear huge expenses for their arriage. v New born female children are brutally killed by parents or other members of the family and thrown as wastes if they could not be aborted before birth not only for rearing burdensome creatures but also for satisfying their caustic desire for having only the male children who will be the future bread earners and shall be the heirs to advance their family for future generations,. v Girl children in several parts of the country are not allowed to g o to school for study and they are engaged in household or field work. In many cases they are engaged as maid servants for earning money for the family or sold out as bonded labour to rich people. v Girl children are abducted and sold to the brokers for trading in the whore market. v School and college going girls are very often subjected to eave teasing, kidnapping, rape, rape and murder. v In many families daughters are not given equal treatment in upbringing as given to their sons. v Forceful child marriage of girl child and forgetting about her fate in father-in-law’s house is still existent in some parts of our country. If the marriage of a girl after attaining right age is arranged one, her misery follows when her parents fail to satisfy the demands of groom and his parents. All her visionary projects for building a lovely home get crushed and mingled with the dust as soon as she steps into her father-in-law’s house. She is treated like a foot ball and is subjected to painful humiliations and inhuman torture for dowry day in and day out. How helpless and destitute she feels in her father-in-law’s house where everybody including her husband go on torturing her mentally as well as physically until their dowry demands are not fulfilled? In many cases, the helpless poor girl either commits suicide or she is most cruelly murdered. v If a woman is divorced or estranged by the husband for any reason after marriage, her misery crosses all limits by making her life extremely unbearable. Not only her neighbourers, friends, relatives but also her parents in many cases never hesitate to cast slur on her and treat her as if an unwanted entity in the family/society. v If a woman is raped or kidnapped and then released, her living in the society becomes awful and everyone looks down upon her as if she has committed a grievous sin willfully. Working women, in most cases are subjected to sexual harassment at their respective working places and outside. v In nucleus families (Families comprising husband, wife and children only which are commonly seen these days) mostly the dominance of husbands is supreme where wives are not earning members and poor wives have no freedom to act according to their wishes. In cases, even if the wive s are earning members, the husbands hardly share the responsibility of managing the family and rearing of children. The wives are compelled to manage all household works including cooking of food even if their earning is equal to or more than their husbands. In most of the cases wives have to compromise for a peaceful family life and their dedication for the family is considered as an obligation to making an ideal family either as wives or as mothers. v Most widows in old age are an abandoned lot in spite of having their well placed sons simply because their daughters-in-law can’t bear their presence at home. Although the nature of atrocities on females as listed above is not conclusive, it is enough to indicate clearly the motive behind all these infamous deeds. Those may be (1) Fanatical belief of man of having a male child in stead of a girl child. (2) Insatiable greed for dowry and passion for leading a comfortable or luxurious life by utilizing women as the key gadgets to extract easy money from their parents. (3) Jealousy and hatred (4) Satisfaction of one’s sexual appetite growing out of passion for having illegal sex and infatuation. (5) Utilising women as precious commodity to breed money. 6) The last but not the least is the upholding the false vanity of male dominance by males on the strength of their masculine power. Now, if we go deep into the matter to discover who are the persons responsible for initiation of all these ghastly deeds, we may find, barring the cases of rape, sexual harassment and exercising superiority of men vainly upholding the male dominance, in oth er cases there must be either direct or indirect involvement of one or more women. This kind of abrupt landing on an observation may appear absurd, controversial and illogical but it is not far from reality. I think it is needless to elaborate on this question as the news come in daily that how women for their own advantage frame clandestine designs to inflict torture on other women who are not of their liking by craftily utilizing the masculine power of men and for that matter they never hesitate to instigate, persuade, entrap, coax, seduce or apply undue influence on men. Of the many news items coming out in the news papers everyday, one incident shocked me most and that was the dealings of a woman constable in a police station manned by women only. When a rape victim coming from a poor family approached the nearest women police station for help and wanted to lodge an FIR the woman constable of the police station in stead of extending help persuaded her to return home without creating a scene by lodging an FIR which would in no way go to help her on the contrary, it might make her life more miserable owing to spread of slander. This is only one of the live examples of lapses of the system in providing security to women in distress. One can imagine how many such cases might be happening everyday? Recently somewhere I read a news item that about 10-15% of the incidents of torture on women, injustice, humiliations done to women and outraging the modesty of women come to light whereas the rest happenings, however grievous they may be, are suppressed by the victims themselves out of fear or under pressure from other women of their relations who might be trying to cover up the incidents. For this matter I do not blame women in general but nobody comes forward to raise a voice against such injustice. In a complex society of ours where problems of leading a happy and peaceful life are multitude and highly sensitive being aggravated by poverty, unemployment and inadequate education, the atrocities on women can only be eradicated through mass awareness of women themselves. If all women develop a spirit of fellow feeling by placing themselves in the shoes of victims or aggrieved women and unite to protest or counter or fight or raise strong voice against all types of oppression, I think they can catalyze a novel metamorphosis in the society and curb atrocities on women to a great extent. If some progressive women come forward to form â€Å"Mahila Jagaran Manch† (MJM) and spread it through out the length and breadth of the country with a view to provide protection and help to women in distress I think the problem might subside. Unlike the National Commission for Women the MJM should grow voluntarily in every village and in every residential blocks in towns and cities through awareness campaign being conducted and monitored by some progressive benevolent ladies so that the women folk at large can master courage to come out to join MJM and face any turbulent situation confronting them boldly.

Definition and Examples of Verbiage in English

Definition and Examples of Verbiage in English Definition Verbiage is the use of more words than necessary to effectively convey meaning in speech or writing: wordiness. Contrast with conciseness. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary defines verbiage as [s]uperfluous abundance of words, tedious prose without much meaning, excessive wordiness, verbosity. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AcademeseBafflegabBattologyBloviationBomphiologiaCampaign to Cut the Clutter: Zinssers BracketsLiterature and the Schoolmam, by H.L. MenckenOn Sadlers Bombastic Declamations, by Thomas Babington MacaulayOverwritingPadding (Composition)Purple ProseThe Style of Woodrow, by H.L. Mencken EtymologyFrom the Old French, to chatter   Examples and Observations What I am afraid of is: verbiage.(Joseph Conrad, letter to Hugh Walpole, December 2, 1902)It is a midden and a criminal haunt and packed to the gills each split-up low deceiving house and alley with footpads and coiners and runners of poor women, with uncertificated pox-doctors and cat-gut spinners, with tripe-merchants and rumour-mongers and rabbit-breeders and slaughterers of the peace of the Lord. Why must your brother lodge there, Claffey? Could he not come here to us at Cockspur Street?He may do that yet, Claffey said.As for the man you call Sligdoes he not keep that infamous cellar where we lodged when we were freshly arrived?By the dripping blood of Christ! Vance said. I am sick of your verbiage. Slig is a sworn brother of mine. Slig gave you straw and a shelter for fourpence. Infamous cellar? It was a usual kind of cellar. I tell you, OBrienit was good, of its kind.Sick of my verbiage? the Giant said. Sick of my stories, also?I leave them to the brutes that want soothing.(Hil ary Mantel, The Giant, OBrien. Henry Holt, 1998) Excess Verbiage- Dont bore your audience with excess verbiage: be succinct.(Sharon Weiner-Green and Ira K. Wolf, How to Prepare for the GRE, 16th ed. Barrons Educational Series, 2005)- Using excess with verbiage is redundant. Verbiage by itself means wordiness or an excess of words. Thus, you could say that the phrase excess verbiage is verbiage.(Adrienne Robins, The Analytical Writer: A College Rhetoric, 2nd ed. Collegiate Press, 1996)- Part of the complexity of the problem with verbosity, wordiness and excess verbiage comes from the not uncommon tendency for individual people to use too many extra unnecessary words that are definitely not needed to make the actual clarity of the specific communication crystal clear.Lets rewrite that sentence, cutting out the verbiage: Verbosity is the use of more words than necessary for clear communication. Weve gone from 45 words to 12.(Timothy R. V. Foster, Better Business Writing. Kogan Page, 2002) Euphemisms and VerbiageEuphemisms are not, as many young people think, useless verbiage for that which can and should be said bluntly; they are like secret agents on a delicate mission, they must airily pass by a stinking mess with barely so much as a nod of the head. Euphemisms are unpleasant truths wearing diplomatic cologne.(Quentin Crisp, Manners from Heaven, 1984) Oratorical Verbiage[A] characteristic ingredient in all epideictic oratory and literature [is] the opportunity it affords the rhetor for self-display. . . . But this same opportunity for self-display runs the risk of deliquescing into crass showmanship, false posing, hollow oracularity, empty verbiage, mere rhetoricas it does in the Roman period known as the Second Sophistic, and does again in [Robert] Frosts weakest poems (cracker barrel wisdom, clever trivia; to some high moderns the ordure of the ordinary). This remains a standing temptation to any epideictic rhetor and marks an extreme distance from epideictics original concern with the health of the civic polity.(Walter Jost, Epiphany and Epideictic: The Low Modernist Lyric in Robert Frost. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Blackwell, 2004) The Lighter Side of VerbiageStubb: Took you long enough, you dithering imbecile! Weve been waiting in that swamp for so long, Ill be pul ling leeches off me nether parts for ages!Jack Sparrow: Ah Stubb, your verbiage always conjures up such a lovely image.(Stephen Stanton and Johnny Depp in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow, 2006) Pronunciation: VUR-bee-ij Alternate Spellings: verbage (generally regarded as an error)

Case Study of Bob Jackson-Free-Samples for Students

1.After reviewing the symptoms, pathological reports and physiological parameters, it seems that Mr. Bob Jackson is suffering from Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease is defined as a condition of idiopathic inflammation of any part of the gastrointestinal tract (starting from the mouth to anus). Although, maximum reported cases shows ileocaecal occurrence. It is one of the most common diseases encountered in the domain of gastroenterology and falls under the category of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (Baumgart & Sandborn, 2012). The major leading cause behind the occurrence of the Crohn’s disease is uncontrolled inflammation. This uncontrolled inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract may occur because of beer consumption. Mr. Jackson, consumes 6 stubbies of beer per week such high beer consumption rate at the age of 55 might have resulted in the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to Crohn’s disease (Manninen et al., 2012). Another excepted cause behind developing susceptibility towards Crohn’s disease is nutritional deficiencies. Mr. Jackson resides in a rural community (100 Km northwest from Melbourne) and people of the rural community lack nutrition in diet, leading to the arrival of the stigma of the Crohn’s disease (Kyle, 2013).   One of the most important bacterial threats stated so far behind the occurrence of the Crohn’s disease is Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. Recent research conducted by Traveria et al., (2013) identified the existence of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in the sheep. Mr. Jackson is a sheep farmer by occupation at the Paterson’s Plains in Australia. His job profile demands close association with the sheep and during his duty hours, the bacteria Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis might have got transfused into his blood steam via food or via cut and leading to the development of the Crohn’s disease. The prolong use of the Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) make a person susceptible for the development of the Crohn’s disease. Mr. Jackson, has been on the medication with Ibuprofane for nocturnal bone pain in hips and back. This prolong use of this NSAIDs might made Mr. Jackson develop Crohn’s disease (Ananthakrishnan et al., 2012). Examination of the gastro-intestinal tract of Mr. Jackson noted lower abdominal distension. In the majority of the cases, people who are suffering from the Crohn’s disease tend to consume less food in order to avoid the excretion of the watery stool or due to lack of appetite. This empty stomach leads to the formation of wind and leading to abdominal distension. Moreover, Crohn’s disease classified with crypt inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, mostly in the lower part of the small intestine or colon. Such inflammation in the lower part of the abdomen can result in the development of the lower abdominal distention. The transmural spread of the inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract leads to the generation of the lymphedema, which is followed by the thickening of the stomach wall and mesentery. This thickened mesenteric fat y extends up to the serosal surface of the bowel causing Mr. Jackson gastrointestinal tract to appear mildly obese.   Pain in the left lower quadrant of the gastrointestinal tract again shows signs and the presence of the inflammation. Moreover, it is the small intestine from where the nutrients are absorbed in the blood stream. High level of inflammation followed by formation of the granuloma in the small intestine prevents this normal absorption of the nutrients and thus further generating the pain. Furthermore, this inflammation in the gastro-intestinal tract leads to the generation of the delayed type hypersensitivity response or other type I and Type II hypersensitivity response. This rise in the hypersensitivity response leads to the increase in the levels of the cytokines mostly IL-8. High levels of IL-8 in the blood caused problem with the urinalysis (Steenholdt et al., 2012).    Headache in the last few days as encountered by Mr. Jackson may not have a direct relation with the pathophysiology of the Crohn’s disease however, increase in the level of abdominal pain, lack of nutrient and lack of sleep might be the reason behind this sudden headache. Thus from the above detailed analysis of the condition of Mr.Jackson on the basis of disease aetiology and pathophysiology, it seems that Mr. Jackson might be suffering from Crohn’s disease The symptoms of crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis are more or similar. The common symptoms of the Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis are: So taking the medical condition and the symptoms Mr. Jackson into consideration, he becomes a bit dubious to claim that he is suffering from Crohn’s disease. He might also be the victim of the Ulcerative Colitis. Ulcerative colitis affects colon and the rectum leading to chronic inflammation. Thus, Ulcerative colitis affects mostly the lower portion of the gastrointestinal whereas; Corhn’s disease can affect or may cause inflammation to any portion of the gastrointestinal tract (Bressler et al., 2015). In order to detect the exact Inflammatory Bowel disease that has affected Mr. Jackson, a ultrasonography of the entire stomach is mandatory.   The ultrasonography will reveal the exact point of inflammation via show casing the organo-megally. It is in the ileum or in the upper portion of the respiratory tract then it will be Crohn’s disease while if the organ enlargement is seen in the rectum or colon then Ulcerative Colitis can be confirmed (Chatu, Subramanian & Pollok, 2012). Crohn’s disease as discussed is caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis whereas Ulcerative Colitis is mostly caused by Escherichia coli (Winter et al., 2013). A bacterial culture test using the selective media for the Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis will help in the elucidation of the exact micro-organism colonizing in the gastrointestinal tract leading to the elucidation of the disease. Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Higuchi, L. M., Huang, E. S., Khalili, H., Richter, J. M., Fuchs, C. S., & Chan, A. T. (2012). Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and risk for Crohn disease and ulcerative colitisa cohort study.  Annals of internal medicine,  156(5), 350-359. Baumgart, D. C., & Sandborn, W. J. (2012). Crohn's disease.  The Lancet,  380(9853), 1590-1605. Bressler, B., Marshall, J. K., Bernstein, C. N., Bitton, A., Jones, J., Leontiadis, G. I., ... & Group, T. U. C. C. (2015). Clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of nonhospitalized ulcerative colitis: the Toronto consensus.  Gastroenterology,  148(5), 1035-1058. Chatu, S., Subramanian, V., & Pollok, R. C. G. (2012). Meta?analysis: diagnostic medical radiation exposure in inflammatory bowel disease.  Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics,  35(5), 529-539. Kyle, J. (2013).  Crohn's disease. Butterworth-Heinemann. Manninen, P., Karvonen, A. L., Huhtala, H., Rasmussen, M., Salo, M., Mustaniemi, L., ... & Collin, P. (2012). Mortality in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. A population-based study in Finland.  Journal of Crohn's and Colitis,  6(5), 524-528. Steenholdt, C., Svenson, M., Bendtzen, K., Thomsen, O. Ø., Brynskov, J., & Ainsworth, M. A. (2012). Acute and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to infliximab and adalimumab in a patient with Crohn's disease.  Journal of Crohn's and Colitis,  6(1), 108-111. Traverà ­a, G. E., Zumarraga, M., Etchechoury, I., Romano, M. I., Cataldi, A., Alvarado Pinedo, M. F., ... & Romero, J. R. (2013). First identification of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis sheep strain in Argentina.  Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,  44(3), 897-899. Winter, S. E., Winter, M. G., Xavier, M. N., Thiennimitr, P., Poon, V., Keestra, A. M., ... & Popova, I. E. (2013). Host-derived nitrate boosts growth of E. coli in the inflamed gut.  science,  339(6120), 708-711.

Retail Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Retail Strategy - Assignment Example There is clearly no point designing a product which no one demands of. Therefore it is essential that that it should have the features which are valued by and attract the consumers, for example, it must be of good quality, work perfectly and look good. Price is the second most essential part of a retail strategy. The price must be set in such a manner that it not only depicts the value of the good produced but takes care of the market conditions and see how much customers are willing to pay for such goods. The third P of retail strategy is place. There is clearly no point in making a product if we cant get to a place from where we can get it across to the customer. Therefore making sure that the goods are present on the right time and at the right place is a very essential. The fourth and final P of a successful retail strategy is promotion (Tellis, 1997). Promotion refers to letting our prospective buyers know about the availability, existence and feature of our product. Successful promotional or marketing strategies play a very essential role in the success of a product and this is the reason why companies spend huge sums on money on promotional